•Desirable solubility in both liquid and powder formulation •Biodegradable LAS is an anionic surfactants with molecules characterized by a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic group. ACID VALUE180 – 190 The solid sulphur is melted and filtered to avoid the pump valves clogging and then fed to the sulphur burner by a proportioning pump. The cooling has the purpose to remove the humidity from the air, up to a saturation humidity of 2 degree Celsius & also to convey low temperature air to the dehumidifying tower, thus favoring the water absorption in the silica gel. Huge amounts of sulfur are produced from the desulphurization process and sold to the chemical plants. The key reactions involved in the formation of LABSA are as follows: •Sulphur Melting – Ignition of sulphur (S) to sulphur dioxide (SO2) •SO3 Production – Oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide (SO3) using catalyst vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) under optimum temperature. _g1 = document.getElementById('g1-logo-mobile-inverted-img'); The gas, passing from a layer to next one, crosses a heat exchanger to take the gas temperature to optimum conversion values on every stage. This is a detailed report on: Production Operations and Manufacturing Processes of LABSA. Overview of the manufacturing process Organic sulfates and sulfonates are industrially manufactured by reacting organic compounds (alkybenzenes, fatty alcohols, ethoxilated fatty alcohols, methyl esters, alfa-olefines, etc.) Air is cooled by passing it through a heat exchanger containing the coolant mono-ethylene glycol; at a temperature of 0 to -2 degree Celsius. To prevail over the fouling and cleaning problems, larger tube Outside the reaction tubes in the reactor jacket the cooling water circulates in co-current with the film, thus allowing a control of the reaction temperature by heat removing. The final decision will depend on various factors which might include the availability of raw material, location of the plant, the size of the plant, operation mode of the plant, to mention a few. The flexi-bag can withstand 20-25 tons of LAB. The initial reading is taken from the main LAB tank. Due to its high active matter, miscibility with water and low salt content, it is also used in these fields: • Formulation of Industrial [3] www.uaeincorp.com Linear Alkyl Benzene SulfonicAcid (LABSA) use for LAB SulfonicAcid is an anionic surfactant widely used in formulation of all ranges of Domestic Detergents Powder, Cake & Dish wash cleaners. Meanwhile, the absorbed AEO2 is also provided as raw material to the sulfonation reaction device (This part is specially for producing SLES). LABSA is packaged into plastic drums and then transported. Huge amount of reaction materials inversely flow back to the reaction inlet and join the neutralization reaction. Import quality Labsa supplied by experienced manufacturers at Global Sources. _g1.classList.remove('lazyload'); Under normal circumstances, para– substitution would dominate, despite the statistical favouring of the ortho– positions due to steric hindrance of the original substituent. Our product LABSA 90% Acid Slurry is also used in numerous applications like ‘Coupling Agent’ which improves adhesion between two phases of composite materials. modir 2017-04-18 . Its major producer includes Chemithon and Ballestra. Analysis. After finding the color Klett, the sample of the product is then titrated with ethanol, drop by drop after adding the indicator. WATER1.0% max •Compatible with enzymes and builders. _g1.setAttribute('src', _g1.getAttribute('data-src') ); Therefore it is necessary to cool the silica gel thus allowing it to adsorb the humidity of the air crossing it. : 42615-29-2 EINECS (EC) No. However, it is more likely for the heat exchanger to foul up faster and the small size makes mechanical cleaning of the fouling difficult. Pump-typed continuous neutralization is required to produce SLES with a concentration of greater than 70%. The LABSA is separated and sent to the ageing vessel. 2. •Mix upto complete dissolution. This should be avoided as it can cause blockage. More than 80% of LAS produced worldwide is used in detergent production. Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid(LABSA) Other Name: INCI name: CAS No. Nevertheless, considering major factors such as cost, availability, flexibility and safety, SO3 still remains the preferential reagent for the reaction which is as shown on the flowsheet. Modified LABSA Process The modifications include the addition of different equipment in the plant and they are: 6 Air dryer Unit Compressor Pumps Storage Tanks GPII-Production of Sulfonic Acid Salt Modified LABSA Process PFD 7 GPII-Production of Sulfonic Acid Salt 8 Equipment Design GPII-Production of Sulfonic Acid Salt Sulfur Melter 9 The melter aims to transform the … Surfactants are widely used in the industry needed to improve contact between polar and non-polar media such as between oil and water or between water and minerals. } 3D Printing, Understand different food and beverage production and service systems, Production and supply process of bottled water in dhaka, New horizons in standardized work techniques for manufacturing and business process improvement, Employee Motivation Factor In EMS Manufacturing Company, Designing a Manufacturing Process Toshiba´s Notebook Computer Assembly Line, Organizational Management and Operations Paper, Selection of Lean Manufacturing Tools for Process Industry: A Review Paper, The Sociology of Native Americans and Early American Colonists, Directions for developing the Rogerian argument, Father and Son Relationship, Angela’s Ashes, The Unknown Struggles of Homeless Children. The air filtered is sucked by the compressor that sends the process air to the refrigerating group. PRODUCTION OPERATIONS & MANUFACTURING PROCESSES OF LABSA. The exhaust from the top of the gas-liquid separator is first pre-proceeded by AEO2 absorption device. This makes the SO3H a useful directing group if it is desired to carry our selective ortho– substitution of a monosubstituted benzene possessing an ortho/para– activating group. This is reached by preheating with hot air and the upper part of the catalyst tower is heated upto a temperature of 400-420 degree Celsius. COLOR, KLETTE50 max (5% Sol. If there is extra hot air after the process, it will be released as exhaust gas. _g1.setAttribute('srcset', _g1.getAttribute('data-srcset')); •In case of 5% m/n color measurement , weigh 5g of active substance, then times the volume of solvent required by relevant solvent density and weigh solvent. if ( localStorage.getItem(skinItemId ) ) { Some other materials which are adjusted automatically by the mass flow meter and enter into the pump include: 1. Find pure quality labsa manufacturing process that retain acidic properties and serve purposes optimally at Alibaba.com. SLES with a 10:1 reflux ratio deaerated and cooled by neutralization and flashing evaporation device. Cyclonic separation is a method of removing particulates from an air (or gas) stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. •Cost effective, anionic surfactant. The four materials above have a high shear mixing reaction in the neutralization pump and enter into negative pressurized flashing evaporation tower. [6] Fig 11 – SO2 / SO3 Production. var _g1; Fig 3 – Flowchart of the process behind the production of LABSA. They are nonvolatile compounds produced by sulfonation. Initial sulfonation para– gives a Disubstituted benzene in which both substituents direct to the same position. LAB is also required for the manufacturing of LABSA and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), which Larger (denser) particles in the rotating air stream have too much inertia to follow the tight curve of the air stream and strike the outside wall, falling then to the bottom of the cyclone where they can be removed. FLASH POINT (PMcc) : >200 DEGREES C. Each drum contains 210kg of the product. to obtain a good conversion progress. It is highly informative on processes such as Air Drying, SO₃ Production, SO₃ Treatment, Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonation etc. temperature constant and to minimize sulphur viscosity. This is used to stabilize the sulphonated DDB. 3. Thus to determine the tube diameter, the available space, cost and the fouling nature of the fluids must be considered. There are two processes for the manufacture of acid slurry – continuous and batch. LABSA (Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid) is produced by the sulphonation reaction of Alkyl Benzene with Sulphur trioxide (SO3). Also, it has to be remembered that lone, thin tubes are difficult to take out and replace. Fig – 2 Progress of Reaction against Energy Air flows in a spiral pattern, beginning at the top (wide end) of the cyclone and ending at the bottom (narrow) end before exiting the cyclone in a straight stream through the center of the cyclone and out the top. } catch(e) {}. SLES PH value is continuously measured before this product goes into the neutralization adjusting tank. A set of tubes is called the tube bundle and can be made up of several types of tubes: plain, longitudinally finned etc. After cooling air to the required temperature it has to be dried to remove traces of moisture present in it. The properties of LAS differ in physical and chemical properties according to the alkyl chain length, resulting in formulations for various applications. This SO3 is sent to the reactor where it reacts with Linear Alkyl Benzene. Labsa Manufacturing Process Manufacturer Chemicals For Making Liquid Soap 96% 90% , Find Complete Details about Labsa Manufacturing Process Manufacturer Chemicals For Making Liquid Soap 96% 90%,Labsa Manufacturing Process,Labsa Manufacturer,Labsa Chemicals For Making Liquid Soap from Supplier or Manufacturer-Zhengzhou Clean Chemical Co., Ltd. The main reaction takes place at bottom of these tubes and during maintenance these tubes are thoroughly cleaned because if the LAB leaks to the centre part then the reaction will take place there only and no SO3 will pass through. LABSA (Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid) is produced by the sulphonation reaction of Alkyl Benzene with Sulphur trioxide (SO). Then this mixture of LABSA (desired product), LAB, SO3 and a mixture of other waste materials including oleum is sent to a separator. In order to strengthen the cooling effect, the circle baffle is adopted in the sulfonation reaction device. •Propan-2-ol ( Isopropyl alcohol ) GPR An accurate amount of ether sulfate ester is adjusted by a mass flow meter, and then enters into the continuous neutralization reaction pump inlet. •Set up detergent raw material supply This is done by heating it in the melter at temperatures of 135℃ to 145℃. ➢Moreover, with Ballestra system there is no need to either cut off or regulate values in the circuit of conversion lines, which should operate a temperature of about 500 degree Celsius in the presence SO2 / SO3, thus being easily corroded. February 26, 2016, 6:26 pm LABSA PRODUCTION PROCESS . The steam generated as output, it has to pass through the vapor-liquid separator, to help in maintaining the water level. Fig 12 – Top view of the Reactor Fig 13 – Bottom Nozzles Of the Reactor. •Ageing & Hydrolysis. LABSA linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid 96 pure for detergent Description: It is a kind of weak organic acid and easy to dissolve in water . In order to get the best efficiency, the gas inlet temperature in the first catalyst layer has to be about 420 degree Celsius. The sulfonation reactor utilizes the balance wind, which can be adjusted by the external piping and valves. Hence, under forcing reaction conditions, the energy difference in progressing in either the forward or backward sense from the Wheland intermediate is proportionately smaller compared to the barrier to activation and hence discrimination is lost. Therefore a temperature of 140 is maintained to prevent wastage of sulphur due to the above mentioned causes. _g1 = document.getElementById('g1-logo-inverted-source'); The cooling water at the head of sulfonation reactor can go back with pressure, which can go directly to the cooling water system of the sulfonation plant. Silica gel dryer uses two split-type switches, switching pneumatic valve automatic control. Some other processes might desire the use of Oleum or Sulphuric acid. Using Teams in Production and Operations Management, Additive manufacturing technologies: rapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing. With the increase of number of the tubes, this advantage is more obvious. The sulphonic acid is corrosive in nature and therefore requires a vehicle with a pre-fitted tanker. Here a high speed rotating air-flow is established within a cylindrical or conical container called a cyclone. Then a cardboard perimeter is set up in order to provide support. Air Drying • The air taken from outside is compressed and dehumidified by means of Intermediate Cooling Unit and Silica gel Dehumidifying Tower. LAS is produced by the sulfonation of LAB with oleum in batch reactors. diameters can be used. Chemical and Physical properties of LABSA. In the electrostatic precipitator the organic substances and unreacted SO3 are separated and eliminated. The manufacturing of LABSA at Sasol gulf is a continuous process. All over the world, various companies are engaged in the manufacturing and distribution of LABSA at a global scale, with first-rate manufacturing quality standards and the ability to deliver on different demands from various types of clients. The regeneration is carried out by heating with air at 150 degree Celsius. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LABSA) is the largest-volume synthetic surfactant because of its relatively low cost, good performance. Thus, typically there is an aim to make the heat exchanger as long as possible. A sample of the product is taken It is then conveyed into the stabilizer together with water. •Acid Value = ( T1 x Molarity of NaOH x 56.1 ) / Wt We also manufacture and export acid slurry plants, industrial pilot plant and toilet soap machinery. labsa manufacturing process. 42615-29-2 Characteristics: Soluble in water and ethanol easily, can not soluble in … 180. The organic feed of each tube is controlled by high-precision rotameter, with 1.5% control accuracy regardless of the changes of tube numbers. DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE : > 100 DEGREES C. Fig 18– Electrostatic Precipitator Functionality Details, Fig 19 – Electro Static Precipitator Construction Details. Manual control is used when driving initially, with a switch of automatic control when it becomes stable. Molten sulphur is fed under mass control by means of a mass flow meter. Therefore, the possibility of cooling water leaking into organic raw materials is greatly minimized. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid is the largest-volume synthetic surfactant because of its relatively low cost, good performance, the fact that it can be dried to a stable powder and the biodegradable environmental friendliness as it has straight chain. ACTIVE MATTER96.0% min This process requires very less of investment as compared with continuous sulphonation plants. Once the drums are loaded with LABSA on a wooden platform a forklift will move them to the storage shed. •Film Sulphonation – Reaction of Linear Alkyl Benzene (LAB) with Sulphur trioxide to yield the end product LABSA. The silica gel air drying has the object to reduce to very low values (dew point -60 approx.) These labsa manufacturing process solutions are … Every two hours, regular analysis of the product is carried out to make sure the quality of the product is maintained. It should be approx. 4068 Words 17 Pages. Your email address will not be published. 2, Good decontamination and foaming property, and it is stable in acidic, alkalic and some oxide solution. This nonvolatile chemical compound is synthesized through the process of sulfonation. The exhaust is finally transferred into scrubber; thus, the national emission standards can be met. •Outstanding performance with other anionic surfactants due to its synergistic effect. _g1 = document.getElementById('g1-logo-inverted-img'); Alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) alkyl sulfates (AS) are also examples of commercial anionic surfactants. Process Involved In the Manufacture of LABSA Fig 3 – Flowchart of the process behind the production of LABSA. The sulphur combustion furnace has been designed for this special purpose. •Weigh accurately about 2g of sulphonic acid into the conical flask and note the weight. The exhausted gas coming from the reactor pass through a cyclone which provides to separate the acid mist before getting into the electrostatic precipitator and SO2 scrubber column. Through this, the amount of ethanol required to reach the n point is noted and the acid level of the product is calculated. Switch to the light mode that's kinder on your eyes at day time. Some silica gel indicator is placed near the sight glasses, changing its color accordingto the quantity of absorbed water; thus saturating with water, it changes blue to pink. _g1 = document.getElementById('g1-logo-mobile-inverted-source'); FREE SULFURIC ACID1.5% max. LABSA (Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid) is produced by the sulphonation reaction of Alkyl Benzene with Sulphur trioxide (SO 3). In the furnace, the sulphur is fed through a pipe and falls on a surface of refractory balls, while the combustion air is supplied in counter current, thus obtaining the complete combustion of sulphur without its spraying through a nozzle; which might often clog owing to sulphur impurities. Neutralizer including alkali liquor, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and triethanolamine, controlled by mass flow meter. •Pair of cells with 40mm path length Remember to change this. The distribution of the gas and the product to be sulphonated is designed in order to ensure a constant ratio between the two phases, inside each reaction tube. Fig – 1 Sulphonation : Benzene equation The dew point of the dried process air reaches below -80°C. •Weigh 5g of active substance and dilute with a weighed amount of solvent so that a solution of 5% m/m is prepared for color measurement. VAPOUR PRESSURE at 20 DEGREES c : Below 0.15 (0.001 mm Hg). The density of SO3 exhaust is then ionizing absorbed and reduced by electrostatic demisting precipitator (ESP). •Blue Filter No. pH=7, 40mm cell) Utilizing the balance wind can help increase SO3 concentration. in a beaker and taken to the analysis room. Shree Shyam Group, a Chemical Manufacturer, was established in 1950s and has been providing Refined Glycerin and LABSA for Industrial and Manufacturing use. It is processed in accordance with set industrial norms. : Molecular Formula: R-C6H4SO 3H R=C 12-14 alkyl Characteristics: 1, One of main raw material of detergent. •10ml Burette However, the technology is slightly different especially at the sulphonation stage where Chemithon utilizes the Falling Film Reactor or Jet Reactor while Ballestra employs the Stirred Tank Reactor/Cascade Reactor and at QINO A.C.E we use the Multitube Falling Film Reactor Technology. In order to allow quick startup, a preheating system has been provided. This reduces to acceptable values the oleum quantity produced in the conversion unit, which depends directly to the quantity of water contained in the air. Required fields are marked *, © 2021 by bring the pixel. •Good Surface active properties •250ml conical flask _g1.setAttribute('srcset', _g1.getAttribute('data-srcset')); LAS are then neutralized to the desired salt (sodium, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and triethanolamine salts). Before the materials enter the flashing evaporation tower, the PH value is continuously tracked and neutralized by PH meter; the amount of alkali liquor is adjusted automatically according to the value measured by PH meter. The key reactions involved in the formation of LABSA are as follows: •Air Drying admin The pump and the relevant piping are steam heated in order to to keep the In order to remove the compression heat and to condense the moisture, the air is first cooled by cooling water and then by a glycol solution in the glycol tower. GPII-Production of Sulfonic Acid Salt Introduction The UAE is considered as one of the most important countries in the oil and gas industry. The conversion tower is composed of three layers of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) catalyst. Production of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid (LABSA). Fig 20 – Flexi Bags within cardboard perimeter. Here you'll find all collections you've created before. The reaction materials from the outlet of flashing evaporation tower can be carried into the neutralization adjusting tank. Linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid applications. The outlet temperature of the flashing evaporation tower is 45 ± 3℃. The manufacturing of LABSA at Sasol gulf is a continuous process. 1k Views. with diluted gaseous SO 3. •Consumes less alkali for neutralisation. LABSA is one of the major active ingredients for the production of soaps and detergents. Get the best viral stories straight into your inbox! Cost Factor Cost of labsa 90% Sulphonation Plant is 1/10th as compared to labsa 96 % Sulphonation plant thereby giving huge cost advantage as a result of which LABSA 90% can be offered to consumers at competitive prices vis-a-vis labsa 96% Labsa 90 % has 5-6 % Free Acid which is converted to Glauber Salt (Sodium Sulphate) on … •Phenolphthalein [6] Sulphonation Technology in the Detergent Industry by W. Herman de Groot [7] www.lasinfo.org Calculations are carried out to transfer an approx. The unit is designed to treat exhaust gas stream coming from the sulphonation reactor before being sent to the atmosphere in order to remove any possible organic, unreacted SO₃ traces and unconverted SO₂. The process air is pressurized by a Roots blower and then cooled by a water cooler (circulating water cooling system), followed by a glycol refrigeration liquid cooling system and then into a silica gel drying system. In a nutshell, the previous month at Sasol has been very productive in terms of the knowledge gained regarding the manufacturing operations of the LABSA plant in Dubai, UAE. Processing. The flow diagram shown utilizes the principle of Falling Film Reactor or can be replaced with Multitube Falling Film Reactor. •Easy processing into dried powders Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a series of tubes. This unit removes the compression heat by water & moreover cools the air to 2 degree Celsius through the intermediate medium cooling unit which is kept at constant temperature. %privacy_policy%. ➢The gas temperature is of course too high to be suitable for sulphonation; therefore some heat exchangers in the series are used to cool the gas down to proper sulphonation temperature. First the truck is parked in the heavy loading station directly under a valve. The beaker is put on the colorimeter and the value of the color Klett is obtained. Lesser the color Klett, better the quality of the product. Conclusion and Recommendation. The water in the vapor-liquid separator flows to the heat exchanger where it is heated by hot air causing it to vaporize instantaneously. •Sulphur Melting – Ignition of sulphur (S) to sulphur dioxide (SO2) •SO3 Production – Oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide (SO3) using catalyst vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) under optimum temperature. An interval of 1 day after a period of 20-21 days for the purpose of shut-down and start-up is essential for maintenance purposes. test. FREE OIL1.5% max When the regeneration is accomplished the silica gel mass has a temperature quite near 150 degree Celsius. •Add 25ml of ethanol and mix well to ensure the sample is dissolved completely. Get the best viral stories straight into your inbox before everyone else! Production Of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid (labsa) Production of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid (LABSA). The SO3 remained in the exhaust is absorbed by AEO2, which a circulation pump is used to spray circularly. Air that is utilized in the production of LABSA has to be cooled first and then dried to ensure its feasibility for further reactions. The liquid product is sent to the aging vessel and the gases are sent to cyclone. On the plates, at the level of both silica gel layer, two light glasses are located to check visually their conditions. •Gas Separation & Gas Scrubbing – Separation of LABSA from unreacted gases. •Sodium Hydroxide Volumetric Solution The air taken from outside is compressed and dehumidified by means of the following units: 1)Intermediate Cooling Unit. Process Involved In the Manufacture of LABSA. } catch(e) {}, by Gas Scrubbing / Exhaust Gas Treatment The sulphonated or sulphated product, coming out of the reactor is suitably degassed, aged and stabilized according to the fed raw material; and fed to the neutralization unit. They expertly meet all your unique requirements. [10] Test Method Control Room File, Your email address will not be published. Some other processes … Note – The four way valves are provided with a drive by pneumatic cylinders which are remote controlled energizing some solenoid valve suitably. A hose is connected to the valve and to the flexi-bag. However, there are many limitations for this, including the space available at the site where it is going to be used and the need to ensure that there are tubes available in lengths that are twice the required length (so that the tubes can be withdrawn and replaced). try { [8] www.mixmedicine.com This system is quite simple; it does not require any maintenance and the gas composition does not change. A major ingredient of Household Detergents, Laundry Powders, Laundry Liquids, Dishwashing Liquids, Other Household Cleaners Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonic Acid can be neutralized with caustic soda (NaOH) to form sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate-an extensively applied anionic surfactant. Switch to the dark mode that's kinder on your eyes at night time. Manufacturing process of LABSA: Air Drying Unit • Air Feed Sulphur Melting Unit • Sulphur feed SO3 Production Unit Reaction Unit • LAB Feed Aging & Hydrolysis Unit Storage Unit 11. The temperature of glycol is controlled by the chiller system. A checking about the effective regeneration is made by verifying the Silica gel indicator through the sight glasses, as well as by verifying the outlet temp., of the regeneration air on the recording thermometer. oAxial strength At the time of loading the forklift will carry these drums to a loading station with an adjustable ramp. The raw material to be sulphonated is fed in co-current with the gas. If the acid value is higher or lower than the required value, the air flow rate is adjusted and analysis is carried out till the desired acid value is obtained. Deionized process water controlled by mass flow meter. This is the size of particle that will be removed from the air stream with a 50% efficiency. Ltd. Vs Union of India & Others dated 13/12/2017 to declare the process of manufacturing of LABSA as a white category industry having zero pollution potential based upon its self assessment carried out as per criteria laid down in the CPCB guidelines. LABSA manufacturers in India have been known to employ the consistent use of the latest technological advancements in their manufacturing processes that has enabled them have a competitive edge against their competitors in the sector as this not only enables them to manufacture quality products, but also enables them to offer their products at competitive and … LABSA (Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid) is produced by the sulphonation reaction of Alkyl Benzene with Sulphur trioxide (SO). the centre-centre distance of adjoining tubes) is not less than 1.25 times the tubes’ outside diameter, LAS/LABSA ( Linear Alkyl Benzene Suplhonic Acid ) – The Product. •Methanol GPR The reason for this reversibility is the fact that the Wheland intermediate is overall neutral and therefore more stable than other, positively charged intermediates. 20 tons. There are several thermal design features that are to be taken into account when designing the tubes in the shell and tube heat exchangers. gives purity of LABSA 90 + or - 2%. Appearance – white color, granules of 3-6 mm approx. Most electrophilic substitution reactions are irreversible but sulfonation is an exception. •Low cost surfactant for detergents •Due to its stable foam, suitable for detergent applications in combination with other surfactants. •Tube thickness: The thickness of the wall of the tubes is usually determined to ensure: oThere is enough room for corrosion This method covers determination of acid value for sulphonic acid, however it can also be used for pure fatty acids. Ph : ~ 2. [4] www.users.ox.ac.uk The temperature of the hot air discharged by the heat exchanger can reach up to300℃, after the heat is exchanged by the waste heat, a saturated steam of 0.4-0.6 MPa is generated, which can be used for melting sulfur.

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